When you have insufficient magnesium, mineral for relaxation

A lack of this important mineral could be causing you health problems without you even knowing it.

As magnesium regulates neurotransmitters in the body, a lack of it can cause symptoms ranging from brain fog and anxiety to insomnia and migraines. — AFP

 

In the human body, magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral.

It plays a role in over 300 physiological processes.

Many metabolic processes require this nutrient, as well as many other bodily functions, including the production of energy and building of proteins.

Without it, your body cannot function properly.

Unfortunately, the lack of magnesium is one of the most widespread deficiencies in our society today.

This deficiency can drastically affect your health as it has been linked with hypertension (high blood pressure), heart disease, palpitations, and even sleep disorders.

How magnesium helps

If you have difficulty meeting your magnesium needs through food, or if you have a deficiency, then taking a magnesium supplement may be helpful.

Here are some of its benefits:

> Reduce blood pressure

Magnesium supplements may help reduce blood pressure levels.

A review of 34 studies concluded that taking around 350mg per day of magnesium for an average of three months significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (the top number for blood pressure readings) by 2mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) by 1.78mmHg.

> Improve sleep

It has been shown that magnesium supplements can greatly improve sleep in people with low magnesium levels.

A review of three studies among older adults found that supplementing with 320-720mg of magnesium daily for up to eight weeks decreased the time it took them to fall asleep and increased total sleep time, compared with a placebo.

> May help improve mood

Depression has been linked to low levels of magnesium, leading researchers to study whether supplementing with this mineral could help treat this condition.

A six-week randomised controlled trial including participants with depression found that 500mg of magnesium daily alleviated anxiety and depressive symptoms in as little as two weeks.

> Help with blood sugar management

Magnesium is crucial to insulin and glucose metabolism.

Type 2 diabetics, who have high blood sugar, are also prone to magnesium deficiency.

The reason for this is because high blood sugars and insulin levels can cause you to lose more of this nutrient through your urine.

Taking magnesium supplements may help improve insulin resistance – a metabolic disorder in which your cells don’t respond to insulin properly.

In a review of 25 studies, people with or at risk for type 2 diabetes who took 250-600mg of magnesium per day for up to 24 weeks experienced significant reductions in fasting and post-meal blood sugar levels, compared with the placebo group.

> Reduce heart disease risk

There is a link between low magnesium levels and an increased risk of heart disease.

Perhaps low levels of this mineral have a negative effect on blood sugar and blood pressure, which are two risk factors for heart disease.

Recent reviews of 28 studies found that taking magnesium supplements decreased blood pressure, cholesterol levels and fasting blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

> May improve migraine

Magnesium deficiency has been linked to migraines – a painful condition characterised by intense, recurrent headaches.

A 12-week study found that taking a daily magnesium supplement containing 600mg resulted in 42% fewer migraine attacks, coupled with less intense attacks.

A lack of magnesium

 

You may experience muscle cramps more frequently if you lack magnesium as it plays an important role in muscle movement. — FilepicYou may experience muscle cramps more frequently if you lack magnesium as it plays an important role in muscle movement. — Filepic

If your body lacks enough magnesium, you may experience the following conditions:

> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation

Magnesium actually softens stools by drawing water into the bowels, which helps support healthy defecation.

When stools become too hard, they move through the colon more slowly and become problematic.

Moreover, magnesium regulates muscle contractions in the intestines, which is why constipation is often caused by a magnesium deficiency.

This is why magnesium can be very helpful in relieving discomfort and cramping related to IBS or other similar conditions.

> Mood disorders

Magnesium regulates the balance of neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters govern many processes in our bodies, including motivation, sleep and focus.

In particular, magnesium is important for the production of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation.

Not having adequate amounts of GABA may result in ADD/ADHD (attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), anxiety, irritability and general mood imbalances.

> Poor cognitive processing

It is possible that you have a magnesium deficiency if you frequently suffer from brain fog, poor concentration or memory problems.

In every cell of the body, there are structures called mitochondria, which produce the energy that the body needs to function.

Mitochondria rely heavily on magnesium for energy production.

Therefore, a deficiency can hamper your brain performance.

> Heart arrhythmia

The heart is a muscle that constantly contracts inside our bodies without needing to be consciously controlled.

A large amount of magnesium is required for the heart to contract properly, just as it is for other muscles.

It is believed that this is due to the fact that magnesium regulates calcium and potassium concentrations in the muscle tissues.

If you notice that your heart beats irregularly, you may want to look into magnesium supplements.

> Insomnia

Your sleep may be affected if you don’t have enough magnesium to produce adequate amounts of GABA.

Despite the fact that there are other nutrients that play a part in GABA production, magnesium is an essential nutrient for sleep quality.

With magnesium supplements, your sleep quality may improve.

> Fibromyalgia and chronic pain

Conditions like fibromyalgia and chronic pain are related to tension carried in the body.

It is possible that this tension is purely physical, but it can also be aggravated by emotional stress.

Anxiety, anger and worry are all emotions that contribute to physical tension.

These chronic tensions eventually lead to pain.

Magnesium supplements may have a calming effect on the mind and body, while resulting in the soothing and relaxation of the muscles.

> Chronic migraines

Chronic migraine sufferers have been found to have lower levels of magnesium in their bodies.

Magnesium’s key role in regulating neurotransmitter production could influence the occurrence of migraines.

> Tingling and numbness

Because of its role in healthy nerve transmission, magnesium deficiency may play a role in numbness and tingling sensations in the body.

> Cramping and muscle spasms

Magnesium is important for proper nerve transmissions, so it also plays a vital role in muscle contraction.

When magnesium is depleted, muscle contractions can become weak and uncoordinated, leading to involuntary spasms and painful cramps.

> Fatigue

Magnesium supports the adrenal glands, which play a major role in producing energy.

Magnesium can be a powerful energy booster, especially if you have chronic fatigue.

If you are deficient in magnesium, increasing your intake will improve your energy levels drastically.

Consuming enough magnesium

While magnesium is found in many foods, particularly nuts, legumes and whole grains, supplements may be beneficial to those with low magnesium intake.

It isn’t always easy to choose a magnesium supplement from the wide variety of forms and dosages available.

Though magnesium is easily obtained through diet alone – 400-420mg for men and 320-360mg for women – our modern diets often don’t include enough magnesium-rich foods.

If you can’t get enough magnesium through your diet, consider taking a supplement.

Recommended doses of magnesium supplements are 200-400mg per day, which means that a supplement can supply you with the full daily recommended intake and more.

The Food and Nutrition Board of the US Institute of Medicine has determined a tolerable upper limit of 350mg per day for supplemental magnesium.

You are unlikely to experience any digestive side effects if you consume supplements below this level.

Some types of magnesium supplements can be absorbed more easily by your body than others.

These include:

Magnesium chloride

Magnesium citrate

Magnesium aspartate

Magnesium taurate

Magnesium malate

Magnesium lactate

Supplements can be delivered in a variety of forms, such as tablets, gummies, powders and liquids.

In terms of absorption, the deli-very system makes little difference, provided you choose a form that is well-absorbed, such as magnesium citrate, so choose whichever form that is most convenient for you.

In summary

Magnesium is essential for the proper functioning of your body.

It has been reported that adequate magnesium intake reduces the risk of heart disease, diabetes and other conditions.

If your diet does not provide enough of this important nutrient, you can take a supplement.

It is unlikely that there will be any side effects with doses below 350mg a day.

When selecting a supplement, choose one that contains a form of magnesium that is easily absorbed, such as magnesium citrate.

Always discuss with your doctor or nutritionist the right type of supplements and the dosage required before you buy your supplements.

Datuk Dr Nor Ashikin Mokhtar is a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, and a functional medicine practitioner. For further information, email starhealth@thestar.com.my. The information provided is for educational and communication purposes only, and it should not be construed as personal medical advice. Information published in this article is not intended to replace, supplant or augment a consultation with a health professional regarding the reader’s own medical care. The Star does not give any warranty on accuracy, completeness, functionality, usefulness or other assurances as to the content appearing in this column. The Star disclaims all responsibility for any losses, damage to property or personal injury suffered directly or indirectly from reliance on such information. 

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Insomnia could moderately raise your heart attack risk

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Having trouble sleeping? If so, you could have a moderately higher risk of having a heart attack, according to research reported in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.

In a recent study, the risk of heart attack in people with insomnia ranged from 27 percent to 45 percent greater than for people who rarely experienced trouble sleeping.

Researchers related heart attack risks to three major insomnia symptoms. Compared to people who reported never or almost never having these problems, people who:

• had trouble falling asleep almost daily in the last month had a 45 percent higher heart attack risk;
• had problems staying asleep almost every night in the last month had a 30 percent higher heart attack risk; and
• didn't wake up feeling refreshed in the morning more than once a week had a 27 percent higher heart attack risk.

"Sleep problems are common and fairly easy to treat," said Lars Erik Laugsand, M.D., lead researcher and internist from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Public Health in Trondheim. "So it's important that people are aware of this connection between insomnia and heart attack and talk to their doctor if they're having symptoms." Heart attack risk also increases with each additional insomnia symptom, researchers said.

The study was based on 52,610 Norwegian adults who answered questions about insomnia as part of a national health survey in 1995-97.



Researchers examined hospital records and Norway's National Cause of Death Registry to identify 2,368 people who had first-time heart attacks during the following 11 years.

The researchers used survival analysis to adjust for factors that could influence the results such as age, sex, marital status, education level, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, weight, exercise and shift work. They also considered depression and anxiety, both of which can cause insomnia.

Up to 33 percent of people in the general population experience at least one insomnia symptom, according to researchers. Previous smaller studies have linked insomnia to heart disease, including high blood pressure and heart attacks.

Every year, about 785,000 Americans have a first-time heart attack. It's unclear why insomnia is linked to higher heart attack risk. Some suggest sleep problems affect heart attack risk factors such as high blood pressure and inflammation.

Researchers didn't adjust for obstructive sleep apnea, and results may not apply to Americans because their daylight hours and sleep patterns differ from Norwegians, said Laugsand, noting that further study is needed.

Provided by American Heart Association (news : web)

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