Rightways to Success: The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague

China on Wednesday rejected a Hague-based arbitration tribunal's ruling giving it six months to respond to a legal claim by the Philippines over disputed waters in the South China Sea.

China's stance of not accepting or participating in the arbitration proceedings filed by the Philippines has not changed, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Hong Lei said at a regular briefing on Wednesday.

The response came after the tribunal of The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, the Netherlands, issued a statement on Tuesday, which requires China to submit evidence to defend its territorial claims in the South China Sea before December 15.

The tribunal cited an obligation to assure "each party a full opportunity to be heard and to present its case," according to a Tuesday statement.

The Philippines in March filed a memorandum to the international arbitration under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), questioning the validity of China's "nine-dash" territorial claim.

However, experts said that without a bilateral agreement, the UNCLOS has no jurisdiction to interfere in sovereignty issues, which made China's stance reasonable and lawful.

"The international arbitration procedure must be agreed by both parties. If China rejects participating, the arbitration will not work," Ji Qiufeng, a professor of international relations with Nanjing University, told the Global Times.

Ji noted that the international tribunal is most likely to withdraw the Philippines' case.

"It will be a wise decision for the international tribunal as it lacks power to enforce. Even if the tribunal makes a judgment by default, China will not accept its verdict," Ji said. "The tribunal may lose its credibility."

The United States has said it supports the Philippines' arbitration case, which is closely watched by other claimant countries including Vietnam, which said last month it was considering legal action against China after a Chinese oil rig started to operate in waters near the Xisha Islands that Hanoi claims as it territory.

Ji pointed out that Vietnam's legal threat is very likely to depend on the result of the Philippines' case. "As China stands firm against the Manila plea, Hanoi should be aware that the threats would prove in vain."

- By Hu Qingyun Source:Global Times Published: 2014-6-5 0:43:01

History backs China in sea disputes

China has been criticized by some countries for making "ambiguous" claims on the islands, islets, reefs and waters in the South China Sea. For example, it has been criticized for "failing to honor" the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea despite being a signatory to it, as well as for "violating" other international laws on the sea.

A few international observers also accuse China of deliberately obscuring its territorial claims in the South China Sea by using terms not found in the UNCLOS, such as "adjacent waters" and "relevant waters". And some countries keep demanding that China "clarify" its nine-dash line map.

The fact is that, if these countries do not change their mindset and attitude, the nine-dash line will continue to be vague for them irrespective of how clearly China defines it.

China has an unequivocal and consistent territorial claim on the islands and other land features in the South China Sea. As a matter of fact, it has unequivocally stated its claim in three official documents: the 1947 Location Map of the South China Sea Islands released by the Kuomingtang government in Nanjing, the 1958 Declaration of the Government of New China on the Territorial Sea and the 1992 Law on Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. These documents state that the Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands and other islands are part of the sovereign territory of China.

Some countries view China's maritime claim in the South China Sea as ambiguous because of certain historical reasons. The first reason is that the UNCLOS does not properly address the issue of historic rights. Despite the reference to historic title in Articles 15 and 298(1)(a), the provision on historic bays in Article 15(6), and the recognition of traditional fishing rights in Article 51, it does not have any provision for the definition of historic rights or their specific connotation and denotation.

The second is that no consistent understanding has been reached in international law on historic rights. For example, Yehuda Z. Blum, an Israeli professor of law and diplomat, has observed: The term "historic rights" denotes the possession by a state, over certain land or maritime areas, of rights that would not normally accrue to it under the general rules of international law, such rights having been acquired by that state through a process of historical consolidation ... Historic rights are a product of a lengthy process comprising a long series of acts, omissions and patterns of behavior which, in their entirety, and through their cumulative effect, bring such rights into being and consolidate them into rights valid in international law.

Besides, a state acquires historic rights through effective exercise of these rights (long series of acts, omissions and patterns of behavior) by one or more states, a practice followed by relevant states. The concept of historic rights is almost equivalent to that of historic water.

In this vein, Leo Bouchez, a renowned international law professor, says the concept of "historic rights" has evolved from the concept of "historic water" and "historic bays". The development from "historic bays" to "historic water" and from "historic title" to "historic rights" indicates the evolution of legal concepts with the development of state practice, and that such concepts have not been finalized.

From the point of view of China, one of the world's oldest civilizations, the South China Sea is part of the traditional Asian order and, hence, it would be inappropriate to comprehend the nine-dash line by relying solely on the Westphalian nation-state system.

As Keyuan Zou, Harris professor of International Law at the University of Central Lancashire in the UK, has observed, the South China Sea nine-dash line map was officially released by the Chinese Kuomingtang government half a century before the UNCLOS, and one decade before the 1958 Four Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea. Thus, China's historic rights within the nine-dash line cannot be ignored. The nine-dash line drawn by the Chinese government in 1947, at approximately the median position between China's South China Sea islands and reefs and the coastlines of bordering states, reflects the scope of China's claims. The consistency of the claims has been maintained by China after 1949, and the claims have been recognized or acquiesced to by bordering states over a long period of time. Therefore, the nine-dash line has probative force and weight under international law.

The so-called ambiguity in China's nine-dash line map and its claim on the waters within that line mainly stems from the imperfection of the UNCLOS. To some extent, international law on historic rights is defective in theory and doctrine and lacks a unified standard.

China has been striving to clarify its claim in the South China Sea. But the joint efforts of the international community are also needed to complement and improve the UNCLOS by agreeing to a new international convention or protocol in order to clarify the understanding of historic rights.

The author is deputy director of Maritime Security Institute at East China University of Political Science and Law in Shanghai. The views expressed are personal. His most recent book is Legal Interpretation of China's South China Sea Map: An Inclusive Approach to Ocean Public Order.

- By Zheng Zhihua (China Daily)

Related articles:

Foreign Experts Think Philippines Seeking International Arbitration Is: An One-man Show Doomed To Fail
del Rosario made a statement that, on the same day, Philippines officially filed a case against China at an international arbitration tribunal on the Sino-Philippines dispute over the South China Sea, following the Arbitration Procedural Rules. In our interview with foreign experts, they voiced their...
Published : 2014-04-03 15:47:33

Manila's scheme abuses law
Manila's scheme abuses law. BEIJING, April 1 (China Daily) -- In disregard of the Chinese government's position of neither accepting nor participating in international arbitration relating to the South China Sea disputes, the Philippine government unilaterally submitted to the arbitral tribunal on March...
Published : 2014-04-04 16:23:46

China rejects arbitration on disputed islands in S.China Sea
Sea. The dispute over territory in the South China Sea has been stirred up again, after the Philippines claimed international arbitration over the sovereignty of the Nansha islands. The Philippines has applied for arbitration by the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea. China rejects this process....
Published : 2013-07-19 17:15:29

China rejects int'l arbitration on disputed islands in S. China Sea
China rejects int'l arbitration on South China Sea dispute 2013-04-26 ASEAN upbeat on progress with China on South China Sea issue: Brunei Sultan 2013-04-25 ASEAN leaders stress peace in South China Sea 2013-04-25 Interview: China opens to discussion on code of conduct for South China Sea disputes 2013-04-25...
Published : 2013-04-26 22:04:10

Commentary: The Philippine's dual tactics doomed to fail
in a territorial dispute with China in the South China Sea. On the one hand, the Philippines earlier this year referred the dispute in the South China Sea to a United Nations tribunal for arbitration by adopting a so-called “soft-hand“ strategy. On the other hand, Manila is pursuing a “hard-line“ approach...
Published : 2013-08-29 22:40:03

China reiterates to resolve territorial disputes via bilateral negotiations
consequently, has a solid basis in international law,“ she added. Related stories China rejects int'l arbitration on South China Sea dispute 2013-04-26 ASEAN leaders stress peace in South China Sea 2013-04-25 Territorial disputes in the South China Sea 2013-03-09 China maritime territorial disputes 2013-03-09...
Published : 2013-04-26 22:14:11

China rejects int'l arbitration on South China Sea dispute
China rejects int'l arbitration on South China Sea dispute. Watch VideoPlay Video China has rejected an application for international arbitration in the dispute with the Philippines over the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea. The Philippines has applied for arbitration by the international tribunal...
Published : 2013-04-26 16:55:30

The Philippines' violation of international laws to end in vain
The Philippines' violation of international laws to end in vain. BEIJING, April. 3 (Xinhuanet) -- The Philippines took the dispute with China over the South China Sea to the international arbitration in January of 2013. On March 30, 2014, it submitted a so-called memorial to the arbitral tribunal. This...
Published : 2014-04-03 17:49:03

The Philippines' violation of international laws to end in vain
The Philippines' violation of international laws to end in vain. BEIJING, April. 3 (Xinhuanet) -- The Philippines took the dispute with China over the South China Sea to the international arbitration in January of 2013. On March 30, 2014, it submitted a so-called memorial to the arbitral tribunal. This...
Published : 2014-04-03 18:06:19

Commentary gives China's reasons for refusing arbitration on South China Sea issue
Commentary gives China's reasons for refusing arbitration on South China Sea issue. BEIJING, April 1 (Xinhua) -- China will neither accept nor participate in international arbitration unilaterally pushed forward by the Philippines on the South China Sea disputes, said a commentary published on Tuesday's...
Published : 2014-04-01 08:43:30

China rejects Philippines' arbitral request: FM
China rejects Philippines' arbitral request: FM. BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government has rejected a Philippine move to take their dispute regarding sovereignty issues in the South China Sea to the United Nations for arbitration, a Foreign Ministry spokesman said Tuesday. “Chinese Ambassador...
Published : 2013-02-19 20:30:14

China reiterates opposition to Philippines' arbitration bid
China reiterates opposition to Philippines' arbitration bid. BEIJING, Feb. 20 (Xinhua) -- China on Wednesday reiterated its opposition to the Philippines' taking the South China Sea dispute to an Arbitral Tribunal under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). At a daily press briefing,...
Published : 2013-02-20 19:41:59

China committed to settling disputes bilaterally
China committed to settling disputes bilaterally. Watch VideoPlay Video Beijing says it wants to address the island disputes with the Philippines via bilateral talks. The announcement came after the Philippine government brought disputes in the South China Sea to an Arbitral Tribunal under the United...
Published : 2013-01-23 10:13:28

Chinese FM: confrontation not conducive to solving South China Sea issues
disputes to the UN arbitral tribunal, which further complicated the situation. “To deal with such provocations, which go against principles endorsed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), China has every reason...
Published : 2013-06-27 22:45:00

China Voice: Vietnam's key choice: to trust China or not
China Voice: Vietnam's key choice: to trust China or not. BEIJING, June 4 (Xinhua) -- Shutting out third parties, which mostly meddle for their own gains, ending the oil rig tension in the South China Sea will come down to how China and Vietnam perceive each other. Like a personal relationship, the closer...
Published : 2014-06-04 19:37:50

Full Text: The United States' Global Surveillance Record
Iraq are key intelligence targets of U.S. eavesdroppers for their “economic stability and impact“ mission. For the “emerging strategic technologies“ mission, Russia is a focus, along with India, Germany, France, South Korea, Israel, Singapore, Sweden and Japan. China, Germany, France, Russia, Iran, North...
Published : 2014-05-27 08:09:49

Chinese veteran diplomat debunks Japan's “proactive“ approach to peace
the Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), which was concluded in 2002 among China and the ASEAN countries, are also an important part of the international rules, she said.China will continue to work with the countries involved to keep on communication, enhance mutual...
Published : 2014-06-02 07:15:52

China, Malaysia celebrate 40th anniversary of diplomatic ties
vowed joint efforts with other ASEAN member states to implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), and ensure progress of consultations for the conclusion of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC) based on consensus. Invited by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang,...
Published : 2014-06-01 07:26:19

China rejects Philippine submission on South China Sea disputes
China rejects Philippine submission on South China Sea disputes. Watch VideoPlay Video China has rejected a submission by the Philippines to the UN Arbitral Tribunal regarding the South China Sea issue. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, Hong Lei said that China’s position on issues over the South...
Published : 2013-02-19 19:41:19

China rejects Philippine submission on South Chian Sea disputes
China rejects Philippine submission on South Chian Sea disputes. Watch VideoPlay Video China has rejected a submission by the Philippines to the UN Arbitral Tribunal regarding the South China Sea issue. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, Hong Lei said that China’s position on issues over the South...
Published : 2013-02-20 09:07:39

Violation of international laws
a statement that, on the same day, Philippines officially filed a case against China at an international arbitration tribunal on the Sino-Philippines dispute over the South China Sea, following the Arbitration Procedural Rules. Full story ...
Published : 2014-04-04 10:52:45

China, Malaysia pledge South China Sea stability
China, Malaysia pledge South China Sea stability. BEIJING, May 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak on Friday agreed to strengthen dialogue to maintain stability on the South China Sea. “The current situation in the South China Sea is stable in general but...
Published : 2014-05-30 22:46:11

China determined on peace, stability in South China Sea: vice FM
the South China Sea, Liu emphasized that no country should doubt China's determination and will to safeguard the peace and stability of the South China Sea.China will work with neighboring countries to ensure the stability and the navigation freedom of the South China Sea, making the South China Sea a...
Published : 2014-05-27 17:57:50

Manila's resort to foreign intervention in South China Sea set to end in vain
China's sovereignty is inviolable over South China Sea issue 2012-04-16 China urges the Philippines to jointly address South China Sea confrontation 2012-04-14 Mainland, Taiwan share South China Sea responsibility: spokeswoman 2012-04-11 China hopes irrelevant parties will stay out of South China Sea...
Published : 2012-04-26 14:21:20

China lodges solemn representation to Philippines over South China Sea dispute
tribunal on South China Sea dispute on Sunday. China expressed strong dissatisfaction at and firm opposition to the Philippine side over the international arbitration it pushed forward unilaterally disregarding China's stern stance, said Liu. “China's stance of neither accepting nor participating in the...
Published : 2014-04-01 08:41:52

China refuses int'l arbitration on disputed islands in S. China Sea
later this year. Related stories China rejects int'l arbitration on disputed islands in S. China Sea 2013-04-26 China rejects int'l arbitration on South China Sea dispute 2013-04-26 ...
Published : 2013-04-27 11:00:57

Chinese ambassador: China has indisputable sovereignty over South China Sea islands
Conduct (DOC) of Parties in the South China Sea, “ she added. Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario announced at a press briefing on Tuesday that the Philippine government had brought the South China Sea disputes to an Arbitral Tribunal under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea...
Published : 2013-01-22 20:50:55

China's Efforts and Achievements in Promoting the Rule of Law
in Promoting the Rule of Law Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China February 2008, Beijing Contents: Foreword I. Historical Course of Building a Socialist Country under the Rule of Law II. Legislation and Legal System with Chinese Characteristics III. Legal Systems of...
Published : 2008-02-28 19:39:39

China opposes taking sea disputes to UN: FM
China opposes taking sea disputes to UN: FM. BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- China has reiterated its opposition to the Philippines' request to take South China Sea disputes to a UN tribunal, a Foreign Ministry spokesman said Thursday. Responding to a question at a daily news briefing, spokesman Hong Lei...
Published : 2013-01-31 21:05:33

China urges U.S. not to send wrong signals
China urges U.S. not to send wrong signals. BEIJING, May 29 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday urged the United States to refrain from sending the wrong signals that will embolden risky and and provocative moves by certain countries in Asia. “The East China Sea and the South China Sea had been generally peaceful...
Published : 2014-05-29 20:17:19

China: UN request by Philippines complicates S. China Sea issues
indisputable sovereignty over South China Sea islands 2013-01-22 Philippines sends China to UN arbitral tribunal 2013-01-22 Chinese ships patrol South China Sea 2013-01-19 Haixun 21 arrives in Sanya after three-day patrol in South China Sea 2013-01-18 ...
Published : 2013-01-23 19:14:01

Chinese general reiterates principle for solving island disputes
traced back to over 2,000 years ago, or the Han Dynasty, when China started discovering and gradually maturing its administration over the South China Sea, especially the Nansha Islands and related sea area, Wang said. The Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands, both in the South China Sea, were occupied...
Published : 2014-06-03 07:22:31

Military makes solemn vow on territory
of the Asia-Pacific region. Related stories Chinese, Philippine vessels still remain in Huangyan island 2012-04-26 South China Sea tension runs up after US-Philippines drill 2012-04-26 Beijing urges restraint in S China Sea 2012-04-26 Huangyan Island confrontation can be solved through diplomacy: China...
Published : 2012-04-27 08:09:32

Commentary: Recklessness on Vietnamese side in South China Sea must stop
Commentary: Recklessness on Vietnamese side in South China Sea must stop. BEIJING, May 28 (Xinhua) -- The increasingly aggressive and dangerous acts of Vietnamese vessels against Chinese oil drilling in the South China Sea resulted in an unfortunate accident on Monday, which bode ill for the already tense...
Published : 2014-05-28 15:29:08

Chinese fleet returns after South China Sea patrols
rejects int'l arbitration on South China Sea dispute 2013-04-26 South China Sea Fleet back from exercises 2013-04-03 China sends fleet to patrol South China Sea 2013-03-04 ...
Published : 2013-04-29 18:45:26

Philippine says to solve dispute through International Tribunal on Law of the Sea
stories Manila's resort to foreign intervention in South China Sea set to end in vain 2012-04-26 Beijing urges restraint in S China Sea 2012-04-26 Chinese top political adviser's visit promotes friendship, cooperation 2012-04-26 China asks Philippines to respect its sovereignty 2012-04-25 Beijing rejects...
Published : 2012-04-26 20:13:45

Commentary: Manila's wrong calculation
enclosed within the nine-dash lines in South China Sea are upheld by history. From the perspective of procedure, China has already made a statement in accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 2006, pointing out that relevant disputes do not apply to arbitration procedure. Beijing...
Published : 2014-03-31 13:27:29

China urges Philippines to avoid complicating disputes
Philippines government has taken the South China Sea disputes to an Arbitral Tribunal under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Related stories FM: China urges Japan to solve disputes through talks 2013-01-19 China urges Philippines to avoid complicating South China Sea issue...
Published : 2013-01-23 20:04:32

Think tank examines South China Sea
FM expounds South China Sea policies 2014-02-15 China says U.S. “irresponsible“ over South China Sea ADIZ 2014-02-07 South China Sea Fleet in force-on-force training 2014-02-07 China dismisses ADIZ reports, optimistic about South China Sea situation 2014-02-02 S. China Sea rules no threat to peace, experts...
Published : 2014-02-24 14:22:28

Manila's attempt to internationalize dispute rejected
Manila's attempt to internationalize dispute rejected. China sends patrol ship to protect interests in territorial waters China rejected a request by the Philippines on Wednesday to take a maritime dispute to an international court, as Beijing sent a major ship to beef up patrols in the South China Sea....
Published : 2012-04-19 08:50:21

Full Text: Assessment Report on the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010)
Full Text: Assessment Report on the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010). BEIJING, July 14 (Xinhua) -- The Information Office of the State Council, China's Cabinet, on Thursday published an assessment report on the country's National Human Rights Action Plan. Following is the full text:...
Published : 2011-07-14 13:54:18

Chinese arbitration authority hears American Superconductor's contractual dispute
report for the 2011 fiscal year, released on Feb. 10, AMSC had spent 6.5 million U.S. dollars to cover litigation costs for its legal action against Sinovel. In September 2011, Sinovel filed a counterclaim with the Beijing Arbitration Commission, asking the arbitration tribunal to reject all arbitration...
Published : 2012-02-29 12:58:08

China stresses negotiations to settle disputes
The announcement came after the Philippine government brought disputes in the South China Sea to an Arbitral Tribunal under the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea. The Philippine Foreign Secretary said on Tuesday that the initiation of Arbitral Proceedings against China on the nine-dash line...
Published : 2013-01-23 00:53:30

Philippines' Huangyan Island sovereignty claim “illegal“: spokesman
once clearly stated that Huangyan Island in the South China Sea is not part of its territory, but now it swallowed its words and raised illegal territory claim over an island which belongs to China,“ Liu said at a regular press briefing. “Such a claim runs against the basic principles of international...
Published : 2012-04-28 08:10:52

Commentary: Abe's wishful anti-China thinking exposed at G7 summit
Commentary: Abe's wishful anti-China thinking exposed at G7 summit. by Xinhua writer Chen ShileiBEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe must feel disappointed now.The Group of Seven (G7) summit on Wednesday wisely stopped short of taking a pro-Japan stand over the East China Sea...
Published : 2014-06-05 14:15:17

China hopes for no more Huangyan Islands conflicts: FM
agreed upon. Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario said Tuesday that the Philippine government has taken the South China Sea disputes to an Arbitral Tribunal under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Related stories Historical proof of China's sovereignty over Huangyan...
Published : 2013-01-28 21:23:02

China requests Philippines' reassurance on detained fishermen
he added. Related stories Philippines, China to hold business forum 2013-04-08 Philippines hopes to enhance cooperation with China 2013-03-14 China reiterates opposition to Philippines' arbitration bid 2013-02-20 China rejects Philippine submission on South Chian Sea disputes 2013-02-20 ...
Published : 2013-04-11 19:38:46

China hopes Philippine can receive China's Embassy in a courteous fashion
Chinese, Philippine vessels still remain in Huangyan island 2012-04-26 South China Sea tension runs up after US-Philippines drill 2012-04-26 Beijing urges restraint in S China Sea 2012-04-26 Huangyan Island confrontation can be solved through diplomacy: China 2012-04-26 ...
Published : 2012-04-27 08:57:58

China urges Vietnam to punish riot perpetrators
Protests broke out about two weeks ago in some Vietnamese cities and escalated into looting and violence targeting Chinese enterprises and nationals following Vietnam's disruptions to China Oilfield Services Limited's normal drilling in waters off China's Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. The violence...
Published : 2014-05-26 22:06:10

Chinese lawyers vow to carry on despite French court rule on looted bronzes
to the Tribunal de Grande Instance in Paris last Thursday, seeking an injunction to stop the auction at Christie's, by the plaintiff, the Association for the Protection of Chinese Art in Europe (APACE). The court ruling said the APACE was not entitled to file the motion because it did not have direct...
Published : 2009-02-25 08:01:43

Provocative remarks from U.S., Japan not helpful for regional security: Chinese general
and colluding and using the opportunities to speak first at the Shangri-La Dialogue to take the initiative to provoke and challenge China,“ he told military generals, defense chiefs and scholars.Hagel criticized China as being the one taking unilateral actions on the South China Sea and said that the...
Published : 2014-06-01 15:10:42

Provocative remarks from U.S., Japan not helpful for regional security: Chinese general
and colluding and using the opportunities to speak first at the Shangri-La Dialogue to take the initiative to provoke and challenge China,“ he told military generals, defense chiefs and scholars.Hagel criticized China as being the one taking unilateral actions on the South China Sea and said that the...
Published : 2014-06-01 14:54:40

Island belongs to China
the government announced a new list of South China Sea islands, in which Scarborough Shoal was also included and renamed as Democratic Reef, and in 1983, China released a list of some South China Sea islands and began to use Huangyan Island as the island's standard name. While China has legal foundations...
Published : 2012-05-08 10:58:40

Beijing rejects island dispute comments
Beijing rejects island dispute comments. Manila's claims over territory make no sense, FM says Beijing on Tuesday criticized Manila's attempt to expand the Huangyan Island dispute over the entire South China Sea and rejected Manila's accusation over the freedom of navigation. Huangyan Island has been...
Published : 2012-04-25 08:08:38

Full Text of Human Rights Record of the United States in 2011
percent of middle-aged adults, aged between 35 and 54, reported to own guns, and the adults' gun ownership in the south region was 54 percent (The China Press, October 28, 2011). The New York Times reported on November 14, 2011, that since 1995, more than 3,300 felons and people convicted of domestic...
Published : 2012-05-25 21:07:40

China Voice: No compromise on Diaoyu Islands
China Voice: No compromise on Diaoyu Islands. BEIJING, June 5 (Xinhua) -- State sovereignty and territorial integrity are among China's core interests. Hopes of any compromise, however small, on the Diaoyu Islands issue are delusional.“We will not compromise on, concede or trade on territory and sovereignty,...
Published : 2014-06-05 11:45:29

China urges Japan to stop provocation
China urges Japan to stop provocation. BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhua) -- China on Friday urged Japan to stop provocation after Japanese leader Shinzo Abe said China's “unilateral drilling“ created tensions in the South China Sea. “We urge Japan to stop all provocative comments and acts and take practical action...
Published : 2014-05-23 21:50:43

China opposes Philippine UN request
resort to UN tribunal complicates South China Sea issues 2013-01-24 China: UN request by Philippines complicates S. China Sea issues 2013-01-23 Philippines sends China to UN arbitral tribunal 2013-01-22 ...
Published : 2013-02-01 14:32:49

China, UN to hold cyber security meeting
China, UN to hold cyber security meeting. BEIJING, June 3 (Xinhua) -- China and the United Nations (UN) will hold an international symposium on information and network security in Beijing on Thursday and Friday, said Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei on Tuesday. It will be the first international conference...
Published : 2014-06-03 22:48:49